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Every EU country has different solar incentives — feed-in tariffs, installation grants, tax deductions, and net metering policies. Programs have changed significantly since the 2022 energy crisis. This guide covers the current situation country by country.
Austria
0% VAT on Solar PV (Nullsteuersatz Photovoltaik): 0% VAT (Mehrwertsteuer) applies to the supply and installation of solar PV systems ≤ 35 kWp on residential and certain public-interest buildings. Standard Austrian VAT is 20%, so the zero-rate saves approximately €3,000 on a €15,000 system.
Belgium
Vlaanderen Thuisbatterij Premie (Flanders Home Battery Premium): Up to €725 for a home battery installed alongside a digital meter in Flanders. Tiered by storage capacity; €250/kWh up to a €725 ceiling.
Bulgaria
Recovery and Resilience Plan — Residential Solar Procedure: EU-co-financed grant up to BGN 15,000 (~€7,650) per residential project for solar PV + battery storage. Tranches administered through the Ministry of Energy and the Ministry of Regional Development.
Croatia
FZOEU (Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund) Residential Solar Grants: Periodic grant programmes by Fond za zaštitu okoliša i energetsku učinkovitost (FZOEU) cover up to 60% of residential solar PV + storage installation cost, with regional cofinancing increasing the total to 80% in less-developed island and rural counties. Programme rounds are time-limited and budget-capped.
Czech Republic
Nová Zelená Úsporám (New Green Savings) — Solar PV: Direct cash grants for residential PV: CZK 35,000 (~€1,400) for systems 2–10 kWp. Battery storage adder up to CZK 50,000 (~€2,000) per ≥ 1.75 kWh of capacity. Combined PV + battery + heat-pump packages can reach CZK 200,000+ (~€8,000).
Denmark
Håndværkerfradraget (Craftsman Tax Deduction): Annual income tax deduction up to DKK 8,600 per person (~€1,150) on labour costs for energy-efficiency works including solar PV installation. Spouses each have their own ceiling.
Finland
Kotitalousvähennys (Household Tax Credit): 60% of labour cost on residential solar PV installation deductible from personal income tax, capped at €3,500 per person per year. Spouses each have separate ceiling.
France
Obligation d'Achat EDF OA (EDF Purchase Obligation Feed-in Tariff): Approximately €0.13 per kWh for all electricity produced by rooftop systems up to 9 kW, guaranteed for 20 years. Rates are set quarterly by the Commission de Régulation de l'Énergie (CRE).
Germany
EEG Einspeisevergütung (Feed-in Tariff): Approximately €0.082 per kWh for systems up to 10 kW, paid for all electricity fed into the grid. The tariff is guaranteed for 20 years from the date of grid connection.
Greece
Φωτοβολταϊκά στη Στέγη (PV on the Roof): Cash rebate for residential rooftop solar PV + battery storage. PV component up to 60% of cost (capped €16,000 for system+storage); income-tier-dependent. Higher tiers and pensioners receive priority.
Hungary
Napelem Plusz / Napenergia Programs: Periodic grant programs for residential solar PV + battery storage. Recent rounds offered HUF 2.0–2.9M (~€5,000–€7,300) per residential project for combined PV + battery + heat-pump bundles. Highly oversubscribed.
Ireland
SEAI Solar Electricity Grant: €700/kWp for the first 2 kWp + €200/kWp for additional capacity up to 4 kWp. Maximum grant €1,800 for a 4+ kWp system on a primary residence built before 2021.
Italy
Superbonus 65% (Tax Deduction for Energy Renovation): 65% deduction from income tax (IRPEF/IRES) on qualifying energy renovation costs including solar PV installation, spread over 10 years. The deduction rate was reduced from 110% (2020–2023) and 70% (2024) to 65% for 2026.
Netherlands
Salderingsregeling (Net Metering — Phase-Out in Progress): Excess solar electricity exported to the grid is offset at full retail rate (1:1 net metering). This scheme runs until December 31, 2027, after which it will be replaced by the terugleversubsidie (export subsidy at lower rates).
Norway
Enova Tilskudd til Solcellepanel (Solar Panel Grant): NOK 7,500 fixed grant + NOK 1,250/kWp up to 20 kWp. Typical 8 kWp residential install receives NOK 17,500 (~€1,500).
Poland
Mój Prąd 6.0 (My Power 6.0): Up to PLN 6,000 (~€1,400) for solar PV; up to PLN 16,000 (~€3,700) for energy storage; up to PLN 5,000 (~€1,150) for heat-management systems; up to PLN 28,500 (~€6,500) for heat pumps. Combined household ceiling around PLN 58,000 (~€13,500) when stacking PV + storage + HP + EMS.
Portugal
IVA 6% (Reduced VAT on Solar Equipment): Reduced 6% VAT (down from standard 23%) on the supply and installation of solar PV systems for residential primary residences. Saves approximately €2,500 on a €15,000 system.
Romania
Casa Verde Fotovoltaice (Green House Photovoltaics): Up to RON 20,000 (~€4,000) per residential PV installation administered by the Environmental Fund Administration (AFM). Heavily oversubscribed; applications open in time-limited tranches.
Slovakia
Zelená domácnostiam (Green for Households) Grants: Slovak Innovation and Energy Agency (SIEA) administers the Zelená domácnostiam programme funding residential solar PV, battery storage, heat pumps, and biomass boilers. Recent rounds offered €500/kWp installed capacity for solar PV (capped at 3 kWp / €1,500 per household) plus battery and heat pump supplements.
Slovenia
Eko Sklad Subsidy for Residential Solar PV + Storage: Up to €500/kWp for solar PV + €500/kWh for battery storage on primary residences. Total project subsidy typically €3,000–€5,000 for a 6 kWp + 8 kWh system.
Spain
Deducción por Instalación de Sistemas de Energías Renovables (Income Tax Deduction): 15% deduction on income tax (IRPF) for the installation cost of solar PV systems, increasing to 20% when the installation contributes to an Energy Performance Certificate improvement of at least two letters. Maximum base for the deduction is €15,000.
Sweden
Gröna Avdraget (Green ROT-style Tax Reduction): 20% income tax reduction on the labour portion of solar PV installation, capped at SEK 50,000 per person per year (~€4,400). Battery storage carries 50% reduction up to SEK 50,000.
Switzerland
Einmalvergütung (One-Time Investment Contribution): Federal one-time investment contribution administered by Pronovo. 2026 residential rate approximately CHF 200/kWp base + CHF 380/kWp for the first 30 kWp. Typical 8 kWp residential install receives ~CHF 4,300 (~€4,500).
United Kingdom
Smart Export Guarantee (SEG): Variable export tariff offered by licensed electricity suppliers. Best 2026 fixed rates around 15p/kWh (Octopus Outgoing Fixed); typical range 4–15p/kWh depending on supplier and tariff structure (fixed or variable wholesale-linked).
Incentive data last reviewed . Programs change — always verify with the national energy authority before making purchasing decisions.
It depends on your goal. For upfront grants: Germany's KfW 270 loan and Italy's Superbonus. For long-term feed-in income: France's EDF OA tariff. For rapid payback: Spain's Autoconsumo deductions combined with very high irradiance. Our country pages score each against a common 25-year ROI model.
No. EEG feed-in tariffs still apply for systems commissioned in 2026, at rates between 7 and 12 ct/kWh depending on system size and self-consumption share. The Solarpaket I also raised unbureaucratic thresholds and simplified balcony-solar registration.
Yes in several countries. Germany (KfW 270 loan, some regional programmes), Italy (Superbonus for retrofits), the Netherlands (BTW/VAT recovery), and Portugal (lower VAT). Most pure-battery grants require pairing with a new solar install.
Rates and caps change frequently — often quarterly and nearly always at the start of each year. We review every country page at least every quarter and flag material changes.