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Independent explainers on the tradeoffs that actually matter for European homeowners: panel technology, battery chemistry, and inverter choice. Each guide is written and maintained by Stephan Kulik and cites primary sources (JRC PVGIS, Fraunhofer ISE, BloombergNEF, manufacturer datasheets).
Sizing
Step-by-step sizing method with country-level irradiance tables — from kWh bill to panel count in 4 steps.
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Panels
Efficiency, cost, temperature performance, and TOPCon/HJT explained for European homes.
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Batteries
Safety, cycle life, and density compared. What most European homes should pick.
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Inverters
When to pick each inverter type. Shading, battery-readiness, and long-term cost.
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Looking for product comparisons instead? See solar panels, balcony solar (Balkonkraftwerk), batteries, inverters, or use the system configurator for an end-to-end recommendation.